Andrés Ried, Cristián Ayala, Stephanie Carmody, Anne Le Bon, Rodrigo Santos, and Ignacia Smart

 

La literatura ha abordado la experiencia de ocio en áreas silvestres protegidas desde diferentes perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas, estableciéndose, entre otras cuestiones, la necesidad de explorar aproximaciones que permitan comprender la complejidad de la relación entre la vivencia, las personas y el lugar. Esta investigación analizó los sentidos del lugar que establecieron visitantes de territorios naturales protegidos a partir de sus experiencias de ocio y cómo influyen variables de orden sociodemográficas y de preferencias en esa construcción. A través de un enfoque mixto dominante cuantitativo, se encuestó a 704 turistas en tres parques nacionales en Chile y algunos de los resultados son: (1) la variable más relevante a la hora de construir sentidos del lugar se encuentra en la posibilidad de vivir experiencias de ocio deseadas por los visitantes; (2) los niveles de las dimensiones de los sentidos del lugar varían según género, edad, origen étnico y la calidad de la oferta recreativa; y (3) la confirmación del carácter emergente y multidimensional de la experiencia de ocio en contacto con la naturaleza.

 

The literature has approached the issue of leisure experience in protected areas from different theoretical and methodological angles, establishing, among other questions, the need to explore approaches capable of explaining the
sense of place established by visitors to natural protected areas based on their leisure experiences and the influence exerted on this construction by sociodemographic variables and preferences. Taking a quantitatively driven mixed approach, a total of 704 tourists were surveyed in three national parks in Chile, and the findings included the following: (1) the most significant variable when it comes to constructing senses of place lies in the opportunity for visitors to enjoy their desired leisure experiences; (2) the levels of the different dimensions of sense of place vary according to gender, age, ethnic origin and quality of the leisure offer; and (3) confirmation of the emerging and multidimensional nature of leisure experience in contact with nature.

 

Leer articulo

Logo PDF

%MCEPASTEBIN%

Año: 2019
Autor: Andrés Jacques-Coper, Guillermo Cubillos and José Tomás Ibarra
Línea: Sustentabiliadad de Sistemas Socio-ecológicos
Palabras Clave: biocultural diversity; biocultural memory; Chileanization; rural-urban migration; Pentecostalism; traditional ecological knowledge
Tipo de publicación: Artículo
Publicado en: Ecology and Society 24(2): 35 https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol24/iss2/art35/
Título: The Andean Condor as bird, authority, and devil: an empirical assessment of the biocultural keystone species concept in the high Andes of Chile

Andrés Jacques-Coper, Guillermo Cubillos and José Tomás Ibarra 

 

Biocultural keystone species have been suggested for different societies, but there has been little empirical evaluation of their role in the face of rapid socio-environmental changes. The Aymara people of northern Chile have experienced historical and contemporary processes that have modified their culture and relationship with nature. The Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) has previously been proposed as a biocultural keystone species for traditional Andean societies. We evaluate the validity of this assertion in the light of the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of today’s Aymara from the high Andes of northern Chile. A three-month ethnographic study was conducted in the Putre municipal district, including semistructured interviews, focus groups, and surveys of the district’s Aymara inhabitants. Our results indicate a nonarticulated set of information that can be identified as knowledge about the Andean Condor but is patchy and resembles relics, rather than an ongoing body of TEK that includes daily practices, social institutions, and a worldview shaped by the putative biocultural keystone species. Chileanization, migration, and the integration of evangelical religions into the area’s Catholic-Andean setting were identified as three processes that have deeply affected the transmission of TEK and the Aymara-condor relationship, with new generations living in socio-environmental contexts different from those of their ancestors. We suggest that, today, the condor can hardly be considered a biocultural keystone species for the Aymara people of northern Chile. Our study highlights that the role of putative biocultural keystone species is dependent on the vagaries of historical and contemporary socio-environmental processes occurring in the Andes and elsewhere.

 

Leer articulo

Logo PDF

%MCEPASTEBIN%

Año: 2019
Autor: Kristina L. Cockle, José Tomás Ibarra, Tomás A. Altamirano, Kathy Martin
Línea: Sustentabiliadad de Sistemas Socio-ecológicos
Palabras Clave: Cavity-nesting birds, Ecological network, Interspecific interactions, Neotropics, Nest web, Old-growth forest
Tipo de publicación: Artículo
Publicado en: Biodiversity and Conservation https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01826-4
Título: Interspecific networks of cavity‑nesting vertebrates reveal a critical role of broadleaf trees in endangered Araucaria mixed forests of South America

Kristina L. Cockle, José Tomás Ibarra, Tomás A. Altamirano, Kathy Martin

 

Cavity-nesting animals and their nest trees are linked in interspecific facilitation networks known as nest webs, which play key roles in forest function but vary across biomes and with human perturbation. We examined the composition, structure and function of nest webs between two endangered old-growth forests representing the last remnants of the ancient coniferous family Araucariaceae in South America: pewen (Araucaria araucana; Endangered) in temperate Chile (2010–2018), and Parana pine (Araucaria angustifolia; Critically Endangered) in subtropical Argentina (2006–2018). Pewen and Parana pine accounted for 30 and 9% of forest basal area, but only 2 and 5% of nesting cavities, respectively. Instead, cavity-nesting birds and mammals nested disproportionately in coexisting broadleaf trees. Species richness, interaction richness, and mean number of links per species were much higher in Parana pine forest than in pewen forest, but the two nest webs had similar levels of evenness and nestedness. Most secondary cavity-nesting species depended on cavities formed by decay in Nothofagus spp. (98% of nest cavities in pewen forest) or Apuleia leiocarpa (26% of nest cavities in Parana pine forest). An exception was the globally endangered Vinaceous Parrot, a Parana pine seed disperser, which made 50% of its nests in decay-formed cavities in Parana pine. To conserve the ecosystem functions of endangered Araucaria forests it is important to protect and recruit not only Araucaria tres but also a mix of broadleaf trees that can confer resilience to nest webs in the face of major disturbances.

 

Revisa el Articulo

Logo PDF